Disruption or melting of granular starch can be accomplished by a process predominantly regulated by thermal energy input, such as film casting (essentially heat application with low mechanical input), or regulated by the combination of thermal and mechanical energy input, such as conventional plastic processing techniques (e.g., extrusion, kneading, and injection molding). Extrusion is the […]
Except when starch is used as filler to produce reinforced plastics, its application as a bioplastic requires the transformation of the semicrystalline starch granules into a homogeneous, essentially amorphous matrix, in order to enhance the processability as compared to granular starch. The disruption of the molecular order within the granules can be accomplished by thermal […]
Biodegradable polymers are synthetic materials that can break down into natural components in the environment through the action of microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi. They are often used in applications where traditional synthetic plastics may not be suitable, such as for single-use packaging or food containers, and as a result, reduce the accumulation of […]
In the intricate world of polymers and polymeric materials, plasticizers emerge as unsung heroes, transforming rigidity into flexibility and brittleness into malleability. These substances, strategically added to materials, play a pivotal role in shaping their physical properties. Let’s explore the nuances of plasticizers, their types, and their fascinating role in enhancing materials like thermoplastic starch. […]
Degrees of substitution (DS) is a term used in the field of chemistry, specifically in the area of polymer chemistry. It refers to the average number of reactive sites per monomer unit that have reacted with another species. In the context of modified starches, DS refers to the average number of substitution groups attached to […]
Thermoplastic starch (TPS) has some drawbacks including: Poor heat resistance leads to melting or degradation at high temperatures; Low tensile strength and brittle nature, make it unsuitable for certain applications; Hydrophilic nature, making it susceptible to water absorption and swelling; Sensitivity to pH and other environmental factors leads to changes in properties over time; Higher […]
Thermoplastic starch is a biodegradable and environmentally friendly alternative to petroleum-based plastics. It can be produced from a renewable resource (starch) and can decompose into water and carbon dioxide after use. The use of thermoplastic starch reduces the amount of non-biodegradable plastic waste in the environment, which can have a positive impact on the environment. […]
Thermoplastic starch is a promising material due to its biodegradability and sustainable source, but it’s naturally brittle and unsuitable for plastics because it lacks sub-Tg main-chain relaxation. Adding plasticizers like water and glycerol makes the starch molecules more flexible and can improve its properties. However, the water content significantly affects the thermal and mechanical properties […]